Heidegger, Martin

Autor: Heidegger, Martin
Rok: 1889-1976

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Německý filozof, žák Edmunda Husserela (fundamentální ontologie), kladl důraz na řeč jako na projev bytí. Ovlivnil vznik existencialismu.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Martin Heidegger (/ˈhaɪdɛɡər, -dɪɡər/; German: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪdɛɡɐ]; 26 September 1889 – 26 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition, particularly within the fields of existential phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. From his beginnings as a Catholic academic, he developed a groundbreaking and widely influential philosophy.His best known book, Being and Time (1927), is considered one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century. In it and later works, Heidegger maintained that one's way of questioning defines one's nature. He argued that Western thinking had lost sight of being, and that by people finding themselves as "always already" moving within ontological presuppositions, they lose touch with their grasp of being and its truth thus becomes "muddled". As a solution to this condition, Heidegger advocated a change in focus from ontologies based on ontic determinants to the fundamental ontological elucidation of being-in-the-world in general, allowing it to reveal, or "unconceal" itself as concealment. He wrote extensively on Friedrich Nietzsche and Friedrich Hölderlin in his later career.Heidegger is a controversial figure, largely for his affiliation with Nazism prior to 1934, for which he publicly neither apologized nor expressed regret, although in private he called it "the biggest stupidity of his life" (die größte Dummheit seines Lebens).