Nesmejanov, Aleksandr Nikolajevič

Autor: Nesmejanov, Aleksandr Nikolajevič
Rok: 1899-1980

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Ruský chemik.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov ForMemRS (Russian: Александр Николаевич Несмеянов); 9 September 1899, Moscow - 17 January 1980, Moscow) was a prominent Soviet chemist and academician (1943) specializing in organometallic chemistry. He obtained his degree in chemistry in 1920 from Moscow State University where he thereafter served as lecturer, professor, and eventually rector.He was the President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1951–1961. As the rector of the Moscow State University in 1948–1951, he oversaw the construction of its new campus at Sparrow Hills. He was twice awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979).He had organized and headed the laboratory of organometallic compounds first in the Institute of Organic Chemistry of USSR (1939–1954) and then in the new Institute of Organoelement Compounds of USSR (1954–1980) as the founder and the first director. This institute and the nearby street were named after A. N. Nesmeyanov. His monument is placed in front of the institute.Prof. Nesmeyanov had popularized the term "organometallic chemistry" and became the leader of this science in USSR. He had also organized the investigations of artificial and synthetic food chemistry. Prof. Nesmeyanov had discovered the reaction of diazo-compounds with metal halides which was later named after him. This reaction is widely used for the synthesis of organic derivatives of non-transition metals with their further transformation into various classes of organometallic compounds. Prof. Nesmeyanov had also developed a number of industrial chemistry processes, including production of pharmaceuticals, antiknock agents, and artificial black caviar. The later was the first commercial protein analogue product.