Brillouin, Marcel

Autor: Brillouin, Marcel
Rok: 1854-1948
Oblast působnosti: matematici, fyzici

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Francouzský matematik a fyzik.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Louis Marcel Brillouin (French: [bʁilwɛ̃]; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician.Born in Melle, Deux-Sèvres, France, his father was a painter who moved to Paris when Marcel was a boy. There he attended the Lycée Condorcet. The Brillouin family returned to Melle during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to escape the fighting. There he spent time teaching himself from his grandfather's philosophy books. After the war, he returned to Paris and entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1874 and graduated in 1878. He became a physics assistant to Eleuthere Mascart (his future father-in-law) at the Collège de France, while at the same time working for his doctorate in mathematics and physics, which he gained in 1881. Brillouin then held successive posts as assistant professor of physics at universities in Nancy, Dijon and Toulouse before returning to the École Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1888. Later, he was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the Collège de France from 1900 to retirement in 1931.In 1911 he was one of only five French physicists invited to the first Solvay Conference. He was awarded the Prix La Caze for 1912.Brillouin was elected to the Académie des Sciences de Paris in 1921.During his career he was the author of over 200 experimental and theoretic papers on a wide range of topics which include the kinetic theory of gases, viscosity, thermodynamics, electricity, and the physics of melting conditions. Most notably he:built a new model of the Eötvös balance,wrote on Helmholtz flow and the stability of aircraft, worked on a theory of the tides.Brillouin died in Paris (16 June 1948). His son Léon Brillouin, also had a prominent career in physics.