Piattoli, Scipione

Autor: Piattoli, Scipione
Rok: 1749-1809

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Italský spisovatel a kněz.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Scipione Piattoli (Italian pronunciation: [ʃiˈpjoːne ˈpjattoli]; November 10, 1749 – April 12, 1809) was an Italian Catholic priest—a Piarist—an educator, writer and political activist, and a major figure of the Enlightenment in Poland. After ten years as a professor at the University of Modena in Italy, he migrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where he became associated with several magnate families—the Potockis, Lubomirskis and Czartoryskis. He was a member of the Duchess Dorothea von Medem's court in Courland (Lithuania) and of King Stanisław August Poniatowski's court in the Commonwealth.Piattoli was politically active in Warsaw during and after the Four-Year Sejm (1788–92). He served as intermediary between the reformist Patriotic Party and King Stanisław August Poniatowski, and as an aide to the King (1789–93). He is best remembered for his participation in drafting the Constitution of May 3, 1791, a milestone act in the history of Polish political legislation. He was one of the organizers of the Kościuszko Insurrection against Russian influence in 1794, which was the last armed struggle to be held under the banners of the Commonwealth. After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Piattoli was interned by the Austrians for several years, together with another Polish activist of the Constitution movement, Hugo Kołłątaj. Freed in 1800, he worked several years with Polish and Russian statesman Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski in the service of Russia, before retiring to Courland.Piattoli was an inspiration to Leo Tolstoy, who based the figure of the Abbé Morio in War and Peace (1869) on him. He is also one of the figures immortalized in Jan Matejko's 1891 painting, Constitution of May 3, 1791. In his 1980 ten-page entry on Piattoli in the Polish Biographical Dictionary, historian Emanuel Rostworowski notes that, “despite two Italian monographs (by A.D. Ancon and G. Bozzolato)”, Piattoli still awaits a definitive biography.