Julius

Autor: Julius
Rok: 1545-1617

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Německý šlechtic, kníže-biskup z Würzburgu, přední představitel protireformace, zakladatel Julius-Maximilians-Universität ve Würzburgu. Narozen v Mespelbrunnu, zemřel ve Festung Marienberg nad Würzburgem.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (18 March 1545 – 13 September 1617) was a Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Echter was born in Mespelbrunn Castle, Spessart (Lower Franconia) and died in Würzburg. Educated in Mainz, Leuven, Douai, Paris, Angers, Pavia, and Rome. In Rome he became a licentiate of canon and civil law. In 1567 he entered on his duties as canon of Würzburg, an office to which he had been appointed in 1554; in 1570 he became the dean of the cathedral chapter, and in 1573, at the age of twenty-eight, even before his ordination to the priesthood, was appointed to the office of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg. During the first ten years of Echter's government, the attempt to unite the Abbey of Fulda and the Bishopric of Würzburg, after the deposition of the Prince-Abbot Balthasar von Dernbach, caused much confusion. From the beginning, he carried out a thorough ecclesiastical restoration. To this end, he promoted the Jesuits and their ministry. Echter re-founded the University of Würzburg which was opened January 2, 1582. It became a model for all similar Counter-Reformation institutions. Under the Jesuits it flourished, grew rapidly, and furnished the see with the priests and officials needed to prosecute the Counter-Reformation. The bishop took decisive steps against Protestantism. He banished all Lutheran preachers from his territory and removed all priests who were unwilling to observe the rules of their office. Public officials had to be Catholics, and none but Catholic teachers could be appointed. He began, moreover, courses of careful instruction for non-Catholics, and to some extent threatened them with penalties and even with banishment. Within three years about 100,000 returned to the Catholic Church. He also identified by Dillinger (2009) as one of the "spearheads of Tridentine reform in Germany.For them, the fight against witches was clearly part of an apocalyptic battle against evil and for the purity of the church".His most beneficial and lasting monument, after the University of Würzburg, is the Julius Hospital (Juliusspital), which he founded with the endowment of the abandoned monastery of Heiligenthal. By skillful administration he improved the economic conditions, reduced taxes, improved the administration of justice, and established many primary schools. He proved himself one of the most capable rulers of his time. As the founder and soul of the Catholic League, he exercised a decisive influence on the future of Germany.Würzburger Hofbräu makes a wheat beer called "Julius Echter Hefe-Weissbier" in honor of the bishop.