Ljusternik, Lazar‘ Aronovič

Autor: Ljusternik, Lazar‘ Aronovič
Rok: 1899-1981
Oblast působnosti: matematici, vysokoškolští učitelé

Biogr./Hist. údaje: Ruský matematik zaměřující se zejména na oblast topologie a diferenciální geometrie. Vysokoškolský pedagog. Publikace z oboru.
Zdroj: Autoritní databáze Národní knihovny ČR

Lazar Aronovich Lyusternik (also Lusternik, Lusternick, Ljusternik; Ла́зарь Аро́нович Люсте́рник; 31 December 1899 in Zduńska Wola, Russian Empire – 23 July 1981 in Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician.He is famous for his work in topology and differential geometry, to which he applied the variational principle. The theory he introduced, togetherwith Lev Schnirelmann, proved a conjecture by Henri Poincaré that every convex body in 3-dimensions has at least three closed geodesics. The ellipsoid with distinct but nearly equal axis is the critical case with exactly three closed geodesics.The Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory, as it is called now, is based on the previous work by Poincaré, David Birkhoff, and Marston Morse. It has led to numerous advances in differential geometry and topology.For this work Lyusternik received the Stalin Prize in 1946.In addition to serving as a professor of mathematics at Moscow State University, Lyusternik also worked at the Steklov Mathematical Institute (RAS) from 1934 to 1948 and the Lebedev Institute of Precise Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE) from 1948 to 1955.He was a student of Nikolai Luzin. In 1930 he became one of the initiators of the Egorov affair and then one of the participants in the notorious political persecution of his teacher Nikolai Luzin known as the Luzin case or Luzin affair.