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Pouillet, Claude-Servais-Mathias | |
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Autor: Pouillet, Claude-Servais-Mathias
Rok: 1791-1868 Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (16 February 1790 – 14 June 1868) was a French physicist and a professor of physics at the Sorbonne and member of the French Academy of Science. Succeeding Dulong, he became the fourth holder of the chair of physics at Polytechnique for a brief period of time (1830-1831) but chose to resign, citing health reasons. He was succeeded by César Despretz in 1831 and Gabriel Lamé in 1832.The Pouillet effect was named after the phenomenon that he published in 1822 on the heat produced by the wetting of dry sand.He developed a pyrheliometer and made, between 1837 and 1838, the first quantitative measurements of solar constant. His estimate was 1228 W/m2, very close to the current estimate of 1367 W/m2. Using the Dulong-Petit law inappropriately, he estimated the temperature of the Sun's surface to be around 1800 °C. This value was corrected in 1879 to 5430 °C by Jožef Stefan (1835–1893).Pouillet works include: On atmospheric electricity, (London 1832), Éléments de physique expérimentale et de météorologie, (Paris 1856).Svante Arrhenius (1896) cited a great deal of Pouillet's work. |